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English phonetics and phonology glossary (A little encyclopaedia of phonetics) Peter Roach

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accent
This word is used (rather confusingly) in two different senses: (1) accent may refer to prominence given to a syllable, usually by the use of pitch. For example, in the word ‘potato’ the middle syllable is the most prominent; if you say the word on its own you will probably produce a fall in pitch on the middle syllable, making that syllable accented. In this sense, accent is distinguished from the more general term stress, which is more often used to refer to all sorts of prominence (including prominence resulting from increased loudness, length or sound quality), or to refer to the effort made by the speaker in producing a stressed syllable. (2) accent also refers to a particular way of pronouncing: for example, you might find a number of English speakers who all share the same grammar and vocabulary, but pronounce what they say with different accents such as Scots or Cockney, or BBC pronunciation. The word accent in this sense is distinguished from dialect, which usually refers to a variety of a language that differs from other varieties in grammar and/or vocabulary.

acoustic phonetics
An important part of phonetics is the study of the physics of the speech signal: when sound travels through the air from the speaker’s mouth to the hearer’s ear it does so in the form of vibrations in the air. It is possible to measure and analyse these vibrations by mathematical techniques, usually by using specially-developed computer software to produce spectrograms. Acoustic phonetics also studies the relationship between activity in the speaker’s vocal tract and the resulting sounds. Analysis of speech by acoustic phonetics is claimed to be more objective and scientific than the traditional auditory method which depends on the reliability of the trained human ear.

Klíčová slova:

glossary

phonetics

phonology

encyclopaedia

english



Obsah:
  • accent
    acoustic phonetics
    active articulator
    Adam's apple
    affricate
    airstream
    allophone
    alveolar
    alveolo-palatal
    ambisyllabic
    anterior
    apical
    approximant
    articulation
    articulator
    articulatory setting
    arytenoids
    aspiration
    assimilation
    attitude - attitudinal
    auditory
    autosegmental phonology
    BBC pronunciation
    bilabial
    binary
    boundary
    brackets
    breath-group
    breathing
    breathy
    burst
    cardinal vowel
    cartilage
    centre - central
    chart
    chest-pulse
    clear l
    click
    clipped
    close vowel
    closure
    cluster
    coalescence
    coarticulation
    cocktail party phenomenon
    coda
    commutation
    complementary distribution
    consonant
    constriction
    continuant
    contoid
    contour
    contraction
    contrast
    conversation
    coronal
    creak
    dark l
    declination
    dental
    devoicing
    diacritic
    dialect
    diglossia
    digraph
    diphthong
    discourse, discourse analysis
    distinctive feature
    distribution
    dorsal
    drawl
    duration
    dysphonia
    ear-training
    ejective
    elision
    elocution
    epenthesis
    Estuary English
    experimental phonetics
    falsetto
    feature
    feedback
    final lengthening
    flap
    foot
    formant
    fortis
    free variation
    fricative
    front
    function word
    fundamental frequency
    geminate
    General American
    generative phonology
    glide
    glottalic
    glottal stop, glottalisation
    glottis
    groove
    guttural
    head
    hesitation
    Higgins, Henry
    hoarse
    homophone
    homorganic
    implosive
    ingressive
    instrumental phonetics
    intensity
    interdental
    International Phonetic Association/Alphabet
    intonation
    isochrony
    Jones, Daniel
    juncture
    key
    kinaesthetic/esia
    labial(ised)
    labiodental
    laminal
    larynx
    lateral
    lax
    length
    lenis
    level
    lexicon/al
    liaison
    lingual
    lips
    liquid
    loudness
    low
    lungs
    manner of articulation
    median
    metrical phonology
    minimal pair
    monophthong
    mora
    motor theory of speech perception
    nasal, nasalisation
    Network English
    neutralisation
    nucleus
    obstruent
    occlusion
    oesophagus
    onset
    open
    opposition
    oral
    Oxford accent
    palatalisation
    palate, palatal
    paralinguistic(s)
    passive articulator
    pause
    peak
    perception
    pharynx
    phatic communion
    phonation
    phone
    phoneme
    phonemics
    phonetics
    phonology
    phonotactics
    pitch
    pitch range
    place of articulation
    plosion
    plosive
    polysyllabic
    pragmatics
    pre-fortis clipping
    prominence
    pronouncing dictionary
    pronunciation
    prosody/ic
    public school accent
    pulmonic
    pure vowel
    rate
    realisation
    Received Pronunciation (RP)
    reduction
    register
    release
    resonance
    retroflex
    rhotic/ity
    rhyme
    rhythm
    root (of tongue)
    rounding
    sandhi
    schwa
    secondary articulation
    segment
    semivowel
    sentence stress
    sibilant
    slip of the tongue (speech error)
    slit
    soft palate
    sonorant
    sonority
    spectrogram, spectrography
    spreading (lip)
    stop
    stress
    stress-shift
    stress-timing
    stricture
    strong form
    style
    subglottal pressure
    supraglottal
    suprasegmental
    Sweet, Henry
    syllabic consonant
    syllable
    syllable-timing
    symbol
    synthetic speech
    tail
    tap
    teeth
    tempo
    tense
    tessitura
    timbre (tamber)
    tip
    ToBI
    tone
    tone language
    tone-unit
    tongue
    tonic
    trachea
    transcription
    trill
    triphthong
    turn-taking
    upspeak
    utterance
    uvula
    velaric airstream
    velarisation
    velum, velar
    vocal cord, vocal fold
    vocalic
    vocal tract
    vocoid
    voice
    voice onset time (VOT)
    voice quality
    voicing
    vowel
    weak form
    weak syllable
    whisper
    word stress
    X-ray